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Dr Asma Khawaja, Executive Director, CISS AJK highlighted that Kashmir, historically a hub of literature, art, and knowledge and home to Indus Valley settlements, remains strategically vital. Pre-Marka-e-Haq, India’s illusions of autonomy and normalisation were exposed by Kashmiri resistance, revealing expansionist designs and failed propaganda.
Post-Marka-e-Haq, operations like Sindoor and aggressive policies aimed at demographic and bureaucratic reshaping increased India’s reputational cost, while Pakistan’s diplomatic engagement gained recognition.
