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CISSAJK
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Author

Muhammad Shahzad

Muhammad Shahzad

Research Officer, working on Arms Control and Disarmament.

  • Opinion Articles

    Sun Tzu’s relevance in cyber warfare

    by Muhammad Shahzad May 15, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad May 15, 2023

    IN today’s digital age, the world has become more connected than ever before. With this increased connectivity comes the threat of cyber-warfare which can have devastating effects on individuals, businesses …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Pakistan’s Informal Economy and Its Impact on Economic Growth

    by Muhammad Shahzad May 3, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad May 3, 2023

    The size and characteristics of the informal economy vary widely across countries and regions, but it is estimated that around 61% of the world’s workforce is employed in the informal …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Cyber-Hygiene between India and Pakistan

    by Muhammad Shahzad April 10, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad April 10, 2023

    In today’s digital age, the internet has become an essential part of o-ur daily lives. We use it for communication, entertainment, shopping, and even work. However, with the increase in …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Cyber-Warfare and Pakistan Maritime Security

    by Muhammad Shahzad March 10, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad March 10, 2023

    Cyber warfare can have a significant impact on maritime security, as many aspects of the maritime industry rely on digital technologies and networks. For example, shipping companies and ports use …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Cryptocurrency governance

    by Muhammad Shahzad March 1, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad March 1, 2023

    Cryptocurrency governance refers to the process by which decisions are made regarding the rules, policies, and direction of a particular cryptocurrency network. Since cryptocurrencies are decentralized and do not have …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Estonian Cyber Model and Pakistan

    by Muhammad Shahzad February 8, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad February 8, 2023

    The “Russia-Estonia War of 2007” refers to a political and cyber conflict between Russia and Estonia that took place in April 2007. The conflict was sparked by the Estonian government’s …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Israel’s Begin Doctrine

    by Muhammad Shahzad February 2, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad February 2, 2023

    Doctrines A doctrine is a set of principles or guidelines that are used to guide the actions of a group or organization, such as a military or government. These principles …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Top Five Cyber Crimes in 2023

    by Muhammad Shahzad January 18, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad January 18, 2023

    With the rise of technology, the nature of crime has also transformed. Crime becomes more lethal and untraceable. Cyber security expert warns about the new nature and domain of cybercrime …

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  • Opinion Articles

    Understanding the political economy of Iran

    by Muhammad Shahzad January 18, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad January 18, 2023

    Iran is an immense country with a national identity marked by the self-esteem of those who know they form part of a great civilization. Geography also plays a part in …

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  • Book Reviews

    An Introduction to Strategy

    by Muhammad Shahzad January 15, 2023
    by Muhammad Shahzad January 15, 2023

    “An Introduction to Strategy” was originally published in French in 1965 by General André Beaufre. In his condensed book (138 pages), he defines military strategy before proceeding to discuss its …

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Newer Posts
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Recent Posts

  • The Algorithmic Trigger: AI, OODA Loops, and Nuclear Command in South Asia

  • The Kashmir Question in a Changing World: Beyond August 2019

  • The NSG, Non-NPT States and the Future of Nonproliferation Norms in South Asia

  • Pakistan’s Climate Crisis: From COP Pledges to Fiscal Reality

  • Azadi: Freedom. Fascism. Fiction

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About CISS AJK

Center for International Strategic Studies Azad Jammu and Kashmir was established in Muzaffarabad on November 01, 2022. It is an autonomous, non-profit,  non-partisan and multidisciplinary Research Center with a focus not limited to Kashmir only, but the regional and global dynamics influencing Pakistan. 

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CISSAJK
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