India for the last three decades has been searching ways to maintain conventional military choices below the nuclear threshold evident in its military doctrines. Each of the progressive doctrines, on …
Opinion Articles
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Opinion Articles
From Technical Expertise to Sustainable Nuclear Development: The PIEAS Experience
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhBuilding a sustainable nuclear energy programme isn’t just about investment in power plants, technology, and infrastructure. It also relies on highly trained manpower for the design, operation, maintenance, and control …
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COP31 is being held in Antalya, Türkiye, from 9 to 20 November 2026. Climate summits have a habit of making big promises and leaving the follow-up to the next summit. …
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Artificial intelligence runs on electricity. Every query sent to a chatbot is processed in a data center, and data centers do not sleep. In 2024 they used about 415 terawatt-hours …
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Opinion Articles
Pakistan’s Arms Control Diplomacy at the United Nations
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhIn the time of rising geopolitical tensions and weakening arms control frameworks, Pakistan has managed to get three UNGA First Committee Resolutions passed on arms control and international security. The …
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Opinion Articles
Protection or Preparation for Attack? Counterspace Capabilities, International Law and Nuclear Command and Control
Space militarization is not new, but its pace and breadth have increased sharply. The Secure World Foundation’s 2026 assessment documents counterspace capabilities being developed by 13 countries across five categories …
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While stable second-strike capabilities decrease the likelihood of major nuclear war, this paradoxically lowers the threshold for limited conventional conflicts between adversaries. In classical deterrence theory, a strategic doctrine is …
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Opinion Articles
IAEA-Pakistan Cooperation in Nuclear Security: A Journey of Partnership and Progress
Nuclear security rarely makes headlines when it works. It’s success is seen in what doesn’t happen: the material that doesn’t get diverted, the facility that does not get broken into, …
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Opinion Articles
From the Jammu Massacre of 1947 to India’s Contemporary Demographic Policies in IIOJK
The Jammu Genocide is among the many genocides that have occurred in world history. The genocide was largely perpetrated by the Hindus, along with allied anti-Muslim groups, under the direction …
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Opinion Articles
What Spy Satellites Can Teach South Asia About Climate Survival
by Rimsha Malikby Rimsha MalikThe next great discovery in space science may transform our understanding of the universe. But the technologies behind such discoveries can also offer lessons closer to home. NASA’s Nancy Grace …