According to the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India is reportedly prepared to test its intercontinental ballistic missile Agni-VI with a capability to carry multiple warheads and an estimated …
Nazia Sheikh
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Opinion Articles
From Chagai-I to Today: Pakistan’s Enduring Commitment to Deterrence
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhTwenty-eight years ago, Pakistan responded to India’s five nuclear tests of 11 and 13 May 1998 with a strategic and far-sighted decision. India’s nuclear ambitions were already demonstrated by its …
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Opinion Articles
NPT RevCon 2026 and the Crisis of the Global Nuclear Order
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhThe United Nations’ 11th Nuclear Non-proliferation (NPT) Review Conference (RevCon) began on April 27 and will continue until 22 May. The RevCon brings together all member and observer governments, as …
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Opinion Articles
Targeting Nuclear Plants Undermines Global Safety Norms
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhIn 1986, at a power plant in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union, a major incident occurred – the Chernobyl disaster. A reactor exploded and caught fire, releasing a …
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Opinion Articles
Operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos: Re-balancing Deterrence in South Asia
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhThe May 2025 crisis between India and Pakistan demonstrated Pakistan’s ability to handle a high-tech, intensive military aggression without passing the nuclear threshold. By prioritizing targeted, restricted reprisal over significant escalation, …
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In 2022, G20 leaders announced at a summit in Bali, Indonesia, that “the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons is prohibited,” repeating the declaration made by Soviet leader …
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Opinion Articles
The Implications of French Nuclear Doctrine for Global Nonproliferation
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhFrench President Emmanuel Macron’s March 2 speech, which outlined the future course of French nuclear deterrence, sparked a major debate over European security and its implications for the international nuclear …
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As a responsible nuclear state, Pakistan regards nuclear security and safety as a top priority and national responsibility, as demonstrated continuously engagement with the international community to promote and maintain …
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The New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) expired on 5 February 2026. This expiration marked the first time since the early 1970s that there would be no other agreement …
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Research Paper
The NSG, Non-NPT States, and the Future of Nonproliferation Norms in South Asia
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhAbstract The global nonproliferation regime’s ability to adapt to changing geopolitical conditions and uphold established rules is essential to its integrity. A fundamental requirement for membership in the Nuclear Suppliers …