CYBERSPACE and social media are significant aspects of hybrid warfare in the twenty-first century. Like many other developed and developing countries, Pakistan is a target of offensive actions carried out …
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DISINFORMATION refers to the intentional spread of false or misleading information with the aim of deceiving or manipulating people’s beliefs, attitudes, opinions, or behaviours. It is often spread through various …
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Espionage, or the practice of gathering information covertly, has been around for thousands of years. However, it has evolved significantly over time, particularly with the advent of new technologies that …
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THE Balakot incident took place on February 26, 2019, when the Indian Air Force (IAF) carried out airstrikes in Balakot, Pakistan. The attack was in response to a suicide bombing …
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The “battle over data” refers to the ongoing struggle for control and ownership of data, as well as the conflict over how data should be collected, stored, used, and shared. …
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Cyber deterrence is the use of threat and defensive strategies to prevent or discourage cyber-attack on a country or organization. The goal of cyber deterrence is to create a disincentive …
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MORE than $10 billions have been donated to Pakistan at the world’s first donor meeting in Geneva, which was held expressly to aid those affected by the climate-related calamity. This …
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FOOD security is defined as when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences …
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The unstable way of life in Pakistan is one of the largest potential contributors to climate change, which has been deemed an existential hazard. Pakistan is not an exception to …
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One component of tackling climate change The unstable way of life in Pakistan is one of the largest potential contributors to climate change, which has been deemed an existential hazard. …
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