Abstract The cyber conflicts between India and Pakistan, stemming from their longstanding geopolitical rivalry, have materialized in significant events such as the OGDCL virus attack and the Bhabha Atomic Research …
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Research Paper
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Research Paper
Strategic Challenges for NATO in an Evolving Global Security Landscape
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhAbstractFollowing the Russia-Ukraine war on February 24, 2022, the post-Cold War international order collapsed and the greatest crisis started in Europe since World War I. It is questionable whether NATO …
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Research Paper
The Geopolitical Chessboard: The Budapest Memorandum and Russia-Ukraine Relations
by Nazia Sheikhby Nazia SheikhThe US, UK, and Russian Federation, who met on December 5, 1994, in Budapest, Hungary, provided security assurances in conjunction with Ukraine,s admission to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as …
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Research Paper
Cyber Diplomacy: Forging Pakistan’s Foreign Policy in the Digital World
by Rimsha Malikby Rimsha MalikAbstract At the dawn of the 21st century, technology has transformed civilizations all over the world through the phenomenon of globalization. Besides compressing time and space, globalization has upgraded the …
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In the surge of violations of international law, the USA has been under the realm of abstruse introspection due to its unhinged efforts to destabilize the allied states’ cyber networks. …
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Research Paper
Beyond Regimes: The Prospects of Regionalisation in South Asia
by Hira Bashirby Hira BashirAbstract Aim of Study: Over the years, all South Asian countries have experienced repeated regime changes throughout the political spectrum. However, most South Asian countries, like most developing countries, currently have …
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ABSTRACT The 21st century is marked by the intensifying great power competition between the US and China in South Asia and the Indian Ocean. This antagonism serves as a pivotal …
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Research Paper
International North-South Transport Corridor: A Geo-Economic Initiative in a Geopolitical World
by Rimsha Malikby Rimsha MalikAbstractCommercial liberalism advocates for equitable trade and diplomatic ties, highlighting the interconnectedness of individuals and nations. It emphasizes reducing tariffs and streamlining administrative processes to lower trading expenses. With 75% …
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Research Paper
International North-South Transport Corridor: A Geo-Economic Initiative in a Geopolitical World
by Rimsha Malikby Rimsha MalikAbstract Commercial liberalism advocates for equitable trade and diplomatic ties, highlighting the interconnectedness of individuals and nations. It emphasizes reducing tariffs and streamlining administrative processes to lower trading expenses. With …
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Research Paper
Shifting Dynamics: Understanding the Impact of BJP’s Legislative Strategy on Demographics and Elections in IIOJK
Abstract: The Narendra Modi led government’s actions in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), particularly the revocation of Article 370 and subsequent legislative amendments including the Scheduled Tribes Order …